*** How to measure the effective number of [[parti politique|political parties]] in a [[Party system|party system]] (les partis politiques pertinents) N = 1 / Σ(p²ᵢ) N = is the total number of parties p = is the vote (or seat) share of party i **A higher ENP indicates a more fragmented party system** ex : Belgium as an ENP superior to the France and France has an ENP superior to the UK ## Notes de bas de page ``` dataview TABLE length(file.outlinks) AS "Liens sortants", length(file.inlinks) AS "Liens entrants" WHERE file.path = this.file.path ```