Date : 2025-01-09 *** le parlementarisme est un régime politique où le pouvoir est détenu par le Parlement e.g. : Belgium, Germany, UK, Jamaica, Spain, Botswana Theoretically speaking, there are two chiefs of the [[pouvoir exécutif]] : - one head of state (president, monarch) - one head of government (prime minister) Different attributions *But in practice, the prime minister is way more powerful than the head of state* In Germany, the President is kinda forced to accept the new laws of the parliament The head of state has less power when it's a monarch or an emperor because he has almost no political power -> If the king has political power, it's not a [[DÉMOCRATIE|democracy]] The head of governement is selected by the parliament via [[majority voting|majority voting]] ex : the Prime Minister can be a legislator himself He is often the leader of the largest party of the Parliament In India, it is a constitutional requirement but in other [[État|countries]] it's not the case. The government is accountable to the parliament When they can't find a head of government, the legislator is *dissolved* and new election are organized. The PM or head of state can call a snap election in case of deadlock Why is it needed to dissolve the parliament ? context : we have a majority in Parliament, like 50% of the seats You think that your government is becoming more popular, you would want to have more seats in the Parliament and get rid of the [[coalitions in parliamentary regimes|coalition]] In most [[État|country]], you have to wait for a resignment of the government to dissolve the parliament In parliamentary regime, the parliament can always be dissolved by the executive. The executive and the legislative are different entities The [[spécialisation des pouvoirs]][^1] of the branches doesn't really exist, it is more a question of controlling each other by having the possibility to dissolve one another If it mainly present in Western Europe and Caribbean, it is because of : - [[colonisation]] - they often have a monarch and it is the only democratic system compatible with such status[^2] - they didn't do a revolution, but rather had slow changes via negociations with the older power such as the king it is the opposite of [[Presidential regimes]] in [[parlementarisme|parliamentary regime]] because *executive have initiative* and the *parliament has veto* while it is the opposite in presidential regimes [[Strengths and weaknesses of parliamentary regimes]] [[Varieties of parliamentary systems]] #### Histoire du parlementarisme en France En France, avec la [[Constitution de la IVe République]] on était sous un parlementarisme : le Parlement élisait le Président de la République mais avec la [[Constitution de la Ve République]] on est passé sous un régime présidentiel, mais lors de [[cohabitation politique|cohabitation]], il passe en parlementarisme. Le parlement est beaucoup plus encadré Ex : le parlement doit proposer des [[loi|lois]] qui seront vérifiées par le [[Conseil constitutionnel]] ## Notes de bas de page ``` dataview TABLE length(file.outlinks) AS "Liens sortants", length(file.inlinks) AS "Liens entrants" WHERE file.path = this.file.path ``` [^1]: [[séparation des pouvoirs|separation of powers]] see [^2]: indeed, the monarch have to accept the power of the people otherwise he would get dismissed / deposed