*** [[principe de distinction]] if they succeed at aggregating enough [[political preferences of voters]] 80% of them are male, almost 90% of the top political leaders On average they are between 55 and 60 years old while the mean voter is 44. Only 2% of parliamentarians worldwide are under 30. The majority of leaders have a higher education degree. Only 5% of top leaders have only primary education. The share of non-educated is decreasing over time. About half of top political leaders were educated in the West. This is very uncommon about voters. They tend to study law and economics. occupational background is often [[politiciens de carrière|career politicians]]. They start by being in a [[parti politique|party]] then city counselor... The average career before becoming president of MP is 15 years. Blue-collar workers, or farmers are under-represented in Parliament. Politicians were always different but since the 19th they have become really different : - decrease of the share of representatives with only primary education - Decrease of the share of representatives with an occupational background such as business or agriculture - Increase of the share of representatives with a background in public sector Explanations : [[professionnalisation des hommes politiques|professionalization of politicians]] They often come from the public sectors Public sector are more fitting to be a politician because the skills required matches more[^2] Public sector employees can take leaves to start their political career. You don't have this possibility in private sector.[^1] the development of large electorate led to the development of [[Mass party|mass parties]] so this helped people with organization and communication skills, also networks[^3], time and [[monnaie|money]] ressources[^4] such as professor [[under-representation of politician women]] Today, women represent about 25% of all legislators while this share increase over time and change a lot depending the [[État|countries]] : - Rwanda, Cuba, Bolivia (more than 50%) - Mexico, Sweden, Namibia (around 50%) - World average (24-25%) **They are no part of the world that is systematically better in terms of women representation** [[professionnalisation des hommes politiques|professionalization of politicians]] favorises [[politiciens de carrière|career politicians]] and thus old politicians In general people in their 50s and their 60s tend to be more represented in Parliament Today the average political leader is 60 on average Legislators tend to be younger than member of government also see : [[differences of politician profiles between democracies and dictatorships]] ## Notes de bas de page ``` dataview TABLE length(file.outlinks) AS "Liens sortants", length(file.inlinks) AS "Liens entrants" WHERE file.path = this.file.path ``` [^1]: they can become [[politiciens de carrière|career politicians]] [^2]: [[compétence politique]] [^3]: [[capital social (Bourdieu)|capital social]] [^4]: [[capital économique]]